What is InSAR?


The use of radar to detect the velocity of a moving object is commonly used in many well known applications: by the military to detect the speed of an approaching aircraft, in baseball to measure the speed of the pitcher’s fastball, and by law enforcement to determine whether your car is speeding. InSAR is not significantly different. Only our radar waves travel more than 1000km roundtrip through space and the earth’s atmosphere.
Unlike optical satellite images, radar can penetrate through clouds and can work equally effective at night, leading to 98% image acquisition reliability. There are currently more than five radar satellite constellations orbiting Earth, with more coming in the next few years. Each satellite has its own unique set of specifications in terms of orbit frequency, resolution, operational flexibility, and image cost. 3vG is satellite independent; we choose the best data source for each project based on the area of interest and our client’s overall monitoring objectives.
Benefits of using InSAR:
High Precision: ability to detect 1 – 2 mm of displacement per year
Large Area Coverage: images (areas of analysis) that are 1500+ km² each
Dense Data Coverage: typically generate tens of millions of data points per area of interest
Remote Sensing: no ground instruments or in-person inspections required
Full Site Monitoring: often detects displacement in areas of unknown risk
Measurement Frequency: updated displacement measurements after each satellite revisit (typically every 2 – 12 days)
Satellite Options
Satellite | Band | Precision | Vegetation | Resolution1 | Image Footprint (WxL) 2 | Revisit Time (days) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TerraSAR-X (TSX) | X | 2 mm | Poor | 3 m | 30km x 50km | 4 – 11 |
Cosmo (CSK) | X | 3 mm | Poor | 3 m | 40km x 40km | 4 – 16 |
Sentinel | C | 4 mm | Moderate | 20 m | 250km x 250km | 6 – 12 |
Radarsat-2 | C | 4 mm | Moderate | 3 m | 20km x 20km | 24 |
ALOS-2 | L | 2 cm | Excellent | 3 m | 55km x 70km | 14 |
SAOCOM | L | 2 cm | Excellent | 10 m | 55km x 70km | 8 |
1 Resolution depends on the beam mode chosen for the monitoring program and can range from 50cm to 20m.
2 Footprint size depends on the beam mode chosen for the monitoring project and may differ from those listed.